寮鸿揩鐥囧紡澶暱涓嶇湅鐗堬細
鎽樿锛氬棰勯槻鈥滄劅鏌撯€濇晥鏋滀笉浣炽€両gG4鐨勬瘮渚嬩笉鏂笂鍗囥€佹姉鍘熷師缃凡鍩烘湰琚瘉瀹炪€佽嚜鐒跺彉寮傚拰鍏嶇柅鍘嬪姏绛涢€夌殑鐭涚浘浠庢湭娑堝け鈥︹€﹀敖绠℃柊鍐犵柅鑻楀瓨鍦ㄨ繖涔堝鐨勩€岃礋闈€嶉棶棰橈紝閭ｆ垜浠槸鍚︿粛闇€瑕佹帴绉嶆柊鍐犵柅鑻楋紵鏈潵鐨勬柊鍐犵柅鑻楀簲璇ユ槸浠€涔堟牱鐨勶紵闄や簡鐤嫍澶栨垜浠繕鏈変粈涔堬紵
杩欐槸涓€涓緢澶х殑璇濋锛屽啓涔嬪墠涔熸兂浜嗗嚑鐗堟垨鎸浜哄績鎴栦护浜烘伯涓х殑寮€鍦烘ā寮忥紝鏃犲鎴戞病鏈夈€婃祦娴湴鐞冦€嬪墽缁勭殑鐓芥儏鑳藉姏锛屾墍浠ュ钩骞虫贰娣＄殑鐢ㄤ竴甯簾璇濆紑鍦猴紝甯屾湜澶у涔熻兘骞冲钩娣℃贰鍦扮湅瀹岃繖绡囨枃绔狅紝涓嶅甫鏈夋儏鎰熻壊褰┿€?/p>
鎺ヤ笅鏉ワ紝灏辨槸寰堝鍜屾柊鍐犵柅鑻楁湁鍏崇殑娑堟瀬淇℃伅锛岃繖浜涗俊鎭棤璁烘槸鍚︽帴鍙楋紝鎴戜滑閮藉繀椤婚潰瀵广€?/p>
1
棰勯槻銆屾劅鏌撱€嶆晥鏋滀笉浣?/strong>
瀵规柊鍐犵柅鑻楁湁鏁堟€х殑鍚﹀畾锛屾渶鏈夌敤鐨勪竴鍙ヨ瘽鑾繃浜庛€岃鏄柅鑻楃湡鐨勬湁鐢紝鎬庝箞杩橀偅涔堝浜烘劅鏌撱€嶃€?/p>
灏界杩欏彞璇濆畬鍏ㄥ惁瀹氫簡瀵规湁鐥囩姸鎰熸煋锛屽挨鍏舵槸瀵归闃蹭綇闄㈢梾渚嬨€侀噸鐥囩梾渚嬩互鍙婃浜＄梾渚嬬殑鏈夋晥鎬э紝浣嗕笉鑳藉惁璁ょ悊鎯崇殑鐤嫍搴旇鏃㈣兘鎻愪緵銆?strong>瀵瑰彂鐥呯殑淇濇姢銆嶄篃搴旇鎻愪緵銆?strong>瀵规劅鏌撶殑淇濇姢銆嶃€?/p>
瀵圭柅鑻楃殑淇″績锛屽叾瀹炴渶鏃╁簲璇ユ潵鑷浗澶栧熀浜?strong>mRNA骞冲彴鐨勭柅鑻楃爺绌讹紝浠ュ強鍥藉唴涓€浜涘鐏椿鐤嫍鐨勩€岃繃搴︽弿杩般€嶃€?/strong>
鏃╂湡淇′娇鏍哥硸鏍搁吀锛坢RNA锛夌柅鑻楀銆屾劅鏌撱€嶇殑鏈夋晥鎬э紙淇濇姢鏁堝姏锛?strong>楂樿揪95%锛岃€屽叾浠栨捣澶栫柅鑻楃殑淇濇姢鏁堝姏鍒嗗埆鏄?6.5%锛圓d26鑵虹梾姣掞級銆?2.3锛圕hAd-Y25鑵虹梾姣掞級銆?0.6%锛堢伃娲?鍗板害锛塠1]锛涜€屽浗鍐呭浜庣伃娲荤柅鑻楃殑鏈夋晥鎬ф棭鏈熻鏂伴椈鎻忚堪涓恒€屾棤涓€鎰熸煋銆嶏紝鑰屽悗鐨勪笁鏈熶复搴婄爺绌朵篃鎵撶牬浜嗚繖涓€璇存硶[2,3]銆?/p>
杩欎簺锛岄兘瀵艰嚧浜嗕汉浠鍚勭鏂板啝鐤嫍棰勯槻銆屾劅鏌撱€嶇殑鏈夋晥鎬х殑鏈熷緟銆?/p>
鐒惰€屼簨瀹炲憿锛熷寘鎷?5%鍦ㄥ唴鐨勭浉鍏虫暟鎹疄闄呬笂鏄柊鍐犵柅鑻楀鍖呮嫭銆?strong>鏈夌棁鐘舵劅鏌?/strong>銆嶆垨銆?strong>鏃犵棁鐘舵劅鏌?/strong>銆嶇殑鎬讳綋鏈夋晥鎬?/strong>锛圴Esym锛夛紝鑰屽浗鍐呯殑鐤嫍鍦ㄤ笁鏈熶复搴婄爺绌朵腑閲囩敤浜哣Esym浣滀负鏈夋晥鎬ф寚鏍囷紝浣嗗ぇ閮ㄥ垎鐮斿彂鍗曚綅閮藉彂甯冧簡杈惧埌浜嗕笘鐣屽崼鐢熺粍缁?0%鐨勮姹傜殑鐮旂┒缁撴灉锛堟棤璁哄悓婧愭帴绉嶈繕鏄紓婧愬姞寮猴級[4-8]銆?/p> 瀵逛簬銆?strong>鏃犵棁鐘舵劅鏌?/strong>銆嶏紝鏃╂湡浠呮湁鍩轰簬Ad26鍜孋hAd-Y25缁欏嚭浜嗛拡瀵规棤鐥囩姸鎰熸煋鐨勬湁鏁堟€э紙VEasym锛夛紝鍒嗗埆涓?4.6%锛?5% CI, -12.1 - 34.9锛夊拰65.5%锛?5% CI, 39.9 - 81.1锛塠9,10]锛岃€屽悗鍦ㄤ笉鍚屾瘨鏍祦琛屾湡闂寸殑闅忔満瀵圭収鐮旂┒鎴栭槦鍒楃爺绌惰瘉瀹炰笉鍚屾柊鍐犵柅鑻楀湪涓嶅悓鏃舵湡鎺ョ1鍓俶RNA鐤嫍鍚庡銆屾棤鐥囩姸鎰熸煋銆嶇殑VE鑼冨洿涓?6%-79%[11]锛岀敋鑷虫湁鐮旂┒鑰呰涓簃RNA鐤嫍瀵规棤鐥囩姸鎰熸煋楂樿揪90%鐨勬湁鏁堟€ц兘澶熸寔缁?strong>闀胯揪7涓湀涔嬩箙
浠庢暟鎹潵鐪嬶紝鎸佷箙鎬ч潪甯哥悊鎯筹紝涓嶆槸鍚楋紵
鐒惰€岋紝杩欎竴鍒囦粎鍋滅暀鍦?strong>濂ュ瘑鍏嬫垘锛圤micron锛屛匡級鍙樺紓鏍嚭鐜颁箣鍓嶃€?/p>
褰揙micron鏉ヨ鍚庯紝鍚勭鏂板啝鐤嫍鐨勫繀椤婚潰瀵圭殑鐜板疄灏辨槸锛氬鍖呮嫭銆屾湁鐥囩姸鎰熸煋銆嶅拰銆屾棤鐥囩姸鎰熸煋銆嶅湪鍐呯殑銆屼换浣曟劅鏌撱€嶉兘澶ф墦鎶樻墸鈥斺€斾笉浠呰闈㈠棰勯槻鎰熸煋鐭湡鏈夋晥鎬ч檷浣?/strong>鐨勬寫鎴橈紝鏇磋鎺ュ彈闅忕潃鏃堕棿鎺ㄧЩ瀵规劅鏌撴湁鏁堟€ц繕浼?strong>鎸佺画涓嬮檷鐨勭幇瀹炪€?/p>
涓嶈繃锛屾劅璋㈡柊鍐犵梾姣掔粰鎴戜滑鐣欎簡涓€鏉℃椿璺細鏃犺鏄厤鐤帴绉嶈繕鏄厤鐤拰鎰熸煋鍧囨湁鐨勩€屾潅鍚堝厤鐤€嶏紙hybrid immunity锛夊潎鑳芥彁渚?strong>楂樻晥涓旂浉瀵?strong>琛板噺缂撴參鐨勫棰勯槻閲嶇棁鐨勬湁鏁堟€р€斺€斿敖绠?strong>绐佺牬鎰熸煋鍜?strong>鍐嶆劅鏌?/strong>椋庨櫓浠嶇劧瀛樺湪銆?/p>
鎴栬鍦ㄦ湭鏉ワ紝姣忎竴涓汉閮戒笉鍙伩鍏嶆劅鏌撯€斺€旂敋鑷?strong>鍐嶆劅鏌?/strong>鈥斺€旀柊鍐犵梾姣掞紝鑰岀柅鑻楃殑浣滅敤浠呰兘閫€鑰屾眰鍏舵锛屾妸閲嶅績鍜屽畾浣嶆斁鍦ㄦ彁渚涢珮鏁堝閲嶇棁鍜?strong>姝讳骸涓婁簡銆?/p>
2
涓嶅彲蹇借鐨勫啀鎰熸煋椋庨櫓
褰撶柅鑻楀凡缁忛毦浠ユ姷鎸°€屾劅鏌撱€嶏紝閭ｄ箞灏变笉寰椾笉鎺ュ彈琚柊鍐犵梾姣掓劅鏌撶殑缁撴灉锛岃繖鏃舵垜浠兘浼氬惉鍒颁袱绉嶅緢寮虹儓鐨勫０闊筹細
1.闃宠繃涔嬪悗灏变笉浼氬啀闃充簡銆?/strong>
2.鎰熸煋杩囦竴娆℃柊鍐犵梾姣掑悗浠ュ悗鐥囩姸瓒婃潵瓒婅交銆?/strong>
浜嬪疄涓婏紝绗竴绉嶈娉曟棭鍦?020骞村氨宸茬粡琚惁瀹氫簡锛屽綋鏃舵渶鏃╁彂鐜版牳閰稿凡缁忋€岃浆闃淬€嶇殑鎮ｈ€呮湁16.04%鍑虹幇浜嗐€屽闃炽€峓15]锛岃€屽悗鍦?021骞寸殑涓€椤瑰洖椤炬€х爺绌朵篃鍙戠幇锛屻€屽闃炽€嶅苟闈炰釜妗圼16]銆?/p>
褰撶劧锛屻€屽闃炽€嶅苟涓嶈兘璇佹槑鏄啀娆℃劅鏌撲簡鏂板啝鐥呮瘨[17]锛岃€屽湪鐩稿叧鐮旂┒鍙戝竷鍚庡浗鍐呭崼鐢熼儴闂ㄤ篃蹇€熼拡瀵规绫荤幇璞′簣浠ュ洖搴旓紝琛ㄧず澶嶉槼浜虹兢浼犳煋椋庨櫓寰堜綆锛屼絾浠嶅瓨鍦ㄤ紶鏌撴€с€?/p>
褰撴垜浠洜涓恒€屽闃炽€嶉闄╀笉楂樸€佷笖鏆傛椂娌″彂鐜颁細鎰熸煋涓ゆ鏂板啝鐥呮瘨鑰屾澗涓€鍙ｆ皵鏃讹紝鍏ㄧ悆棣栦緥銆屽啀鎰熸煋銆嶇殑鐥呬緥鍙堝皢浜轰滑鐨勫績鎻愬埌浜嗗棑瀛愮溂鍎库€斺€旇繖鎰忓懗鐫€锛屾兂鍗曠函閫氳繃鎰熸煋濉戦€犲嚭銆?strong>缇や綋鍏嶇柅銆嶅睆闅滅殑鍙兘鎬ц秺鏉ヨ秺浣庛€?/p>
鑰岃捣鍒濓紝寰堝浜虹悊鎯崇殑璁や负锛岄€氳繃鏂板啝鐤嫍鍙互濉戦€犵敱銆屽厤鐤帴绉嶃€嶅閫犵殑缇や綋鍏嶇柅锛岀劧鑰屽嵈琚柊鍐犵梾姣掑嚮鐮翠簡锛涜€屽彟涓€浜涗汉璁や负锛屽氨鍍忔劅鏌撲竴娆″氨鑳界粓韬厤鐤殑姘寸棙鎴栭夯鐤逛竴鏍凤紝渚濋潬銆屾劅鏌撱€嶅閫犵殑缇や綋鍏嶇柅鏄潥涓嶅彲鎽х殑锛屼絾鍚屾牱琚幇瀹炲嚮鐮翠簡銆?/p>
2020骞?0鏈堝湪銆婃煶鍙跺垁銆嬫潅蹇楀彂甯冪殑涓€绡囨枃绔犳彁鍒帮紝涓€鍚嶇編鍥界敺瀛愬垎鍒湪4鏈堝拰5鏈堜袱娆℃劅鏌撲簡鏂板啝鐥呮瘨锛岃繖涔熸槸鍏ㄧ悆棣栦釜琚寮忚褰曠殑銆屽啀鎰熸煋銆嶇梾渚嬶紱涓嶄粎濡傛锛岃繖鍚嶇敺瀛愬嚭鐜般€屽啀鎰熸煋銆嶅悗锛?strong>鐥囩姸鐢氳嚦瑕佹瘮棣栨鎰熸煋鏇村姞涓ラ噸[18]銆?/p>
鍐嶄箣鍚庣殑鏁呬簨灏卞彉寰楅『鐞嗘垚绔犺捣鏉ワ紝銆屽啀鎰熸煋銆嶇梾渚嬩簬涓浗棣欐腐鐗瑰尯銆佹瘮鍒╂椂銆佸巹鐡滃灏旂瓑鍦伴檰缁鎶ラ亾[19]銆傝€屽悗鐨勫椤圭爺绌跺彂鐜帮紝涓嶄粎銆屽啀鎰熸煋銆嶅彲鑳藉彂鐢熷湪棣栨鎰熸煋鐨勪竴涓湀鍐咃紝涔熷彲鑳藉嚭鐜板湪鍗婂勾鍚庯紝鍙笉杩囩浉瀵规潵璇存瘮渚嬭緝浣嶽20-24]銆?/p>
鑰屼粠涓ラ噸绋嬪害鏉ョ湅锛岃秺鏉ヨ秺澶氱殑璇佹嵁琛ㄦ槑锛屼汉缇ゃ€屽啀鎰熸煋銆嶇殑涓ラ噸绋嬪害瑕佽緝棣栨鎰熸煋杞籟25-27]锛屼絾杩欏苟涓嶆剰鍛崇潃銆屽啀鎰熸煋銆嶅氨娌℃湁椋庨櫓銆?/p>
缇庡浗涓€椤归拡瀵归€€浼嶅啗浜虹殑鐮旂┒鍙戠幇锛屻€屽啀鎰熸煋銆嶅悓鏍峰瓨鍦ㄤ弗閲嶅苟鍙戠棁鐨勯闄28]锛屽苟涓旂浉杈冧簬銆?strong>鏈彂鐢熷啀鎰熸煋銆嶆垨銆?strong>鍙戠敓鍐嶆劅鏌撲絾鏃犻渶灏辫瘖鐨勬偅鑰?/strong>銆嶇浉姣旓紝骞跺彂鐥囬闄╂樉钁楀楂橈紙寰堝浜哄嵈鎶婅繖椤圭爺绌?strong>鏇茶В涓?/strong>鍐嶆劅鏌撴瘮棣栨鎰熸煋鐨勯闄╂洿楂橈級銆?/p>
鍙﹀锛屼竴浜涚粨鏋滀篃鎻愮ず锛屽浜庢湁鍚堝苟鐥?/strong>鐨勪汉缇わ紝鍏跺嚭鐜颁弗閲嶃€屽啀鎰熸煋銆嶇殑鍙兘鎬ц緝鏃犲悎骞剁棁鐨勫仴搴锋垚骞翠汉鏇撮珮[29-31]锛屽洜姝ゅ浜庢湁鍚堝苟鐥囩殑浜虹兢鑰岃█锛屽嵆渚挎劅鏌撹繃鏂板啝鐥呮瘨锛屼篃鍚屾牱瀛樺湪鍐嶆鎰熸煋鐢氳嚦涓ラ噸鎰熸煋鐨勯闄┿€?/p> 
閭ｆ棦瀹屾垚鐤嫍鎺ョ锛屽張琚劅鏌撹繃锛屼粠鑰屽舰鎴愮殑銆屾潅鍚堝厤鐤€嶅張褰撳浣曞憿锛?/p>
鐤嫍璧嬩簣鐨勫厤鐤姏涓嶈冻浠ユ姷鎶楃梾姣掑啀娆℃劅鏌擄紝鑷劧鎰熸煋鐨勫厤鐤姏涔熶笉澶熷悓鏃惰繕鏈夋偅鐥呴闄╋紝涓よ€呯粨鍚堝悗鐨勩€屾潅鍚堝厤鐤€嶆槸鍚﹁兘甯︽潵鍙潬鐨勯槻鎶ゅ憿锛?/p>
鍦ㄤ竴椤瑰彂琛ㄥ湪棰勫嵃鏈綉绔檓edRxiv鐨勬枃绔燵32]涓彁鍒帮紝鎴嚦2022骞?1鏈?鏃ワ紝缇庡浗宸叉湁绾?strong>94%鐨勪汉鎰熸煋杩囪嚦灏?娆℃柊鍐犵梾姣掞紝91.8%鐨勪汉杩樻槸鎺ョ杩囩柅鑻楀悗鍑虹幇鐨勩€屽啀鎰熸煋銆?/strong>锛屼篃灏辨槸銆屾潅鍚堝厤鐤€嶃€?/p>
鑰屽湪2021骞?2鏈堬紝宸茶幏寰楁潅鍚堝厤鐤殑浜虹兢鍗犳瘮涓?6.2%銆?/p>
閭ｆ潅鍚堝厤鐤殑鏁堟灉濡備綍鍛紵鍏跺疄锛屻€屾潅鍚堝厤鐤€嶇‘瀹炰负涓嶅悓缇や綋甯︽潵浜嗚緝鍗曠函鐨勭柅鑻楁帴绉嶆洿楂樼殑鎶椾綋姘村钩[33-35]锛屼絾鍚屾牱鏃犳硶闃绘銆屽啀鎰熸煋銆嶇殑鍑虹幇[32]銆?/p>
闄ゆ涔嬪锛屽氨鍍忋€婃煶鍙跺垁-鎰熸煋鐥呫€嬬殑涓€绡囨枃绔犳墍璇寸殑鈥斺€?strong>鎰熸煋鍗充即闅忕潃椋庨櫓[36]銆?/p>
鍥犳锛屽瘎甯屾湜浜庨€氳繃銆屾潅鍚堝厤鐤€嶅厤鐤弽澶嶅姞寮猴紝涔熷悓鏍锋槸鍙嶅灏嗘満浣撶疆韬簬椋庨櫓褰撲腑鈥斺€旈仐鎲剧殑鏄€屾潅鍚堝厤鐤€嶇殑姒傚康灏辨槸杩欐牱琚互鐢ㄧ殑锛屽緢澶氫汉鐨勫績涓兘璁や负鎵撹繃鐤嫍鍚庡氨鍙互闅忔剰鐨勮嚜鐒舵劅鏌撲簡銆?/p>
鑰岄潰瀵?strong>鍙兘姘歌繙浼撮殢浜虹被鐨勭殑閲嶅鎰熸煋椋庨櫓锛屼汉浠兘鍋氱殑锛屽氨鏄€熷姪杩欎簺缁忛獙杩涜鏂颁竴浠ｇ柅鑻楃殑璁捐鍜屼氦浠榌37]锛?strong>璁╂劅鏌撲笌鍋ュ悍涔嬮棿闅旂潃涓€閬撹秺鏉ヨ秺闅句互鎵撳紑鐨?/strong>銆岀柅鑻椾箣闂ㄣ€嶃€?/p>
3
鏂板啝鐥呮瘨鐨勫彉寮備笌閫冮€?/strong>
涓嬩竴浠ｇ柅鑻楁槸浠€涔堟牱鐨勶紵娌′汉璇村緱娓咃紝鍥犱负鎴戜滑杩樻病鎵惧埌鏈€浣崇殑閫夋嫨銆?/strong>
鎴栬鏈変汉璇达紝鏂板啝鐥呮瘨鍦ㄥ彉锛岄偅鎴戜滑鐨勬柊鍐犵柅鑻椾篃鍍忔祦鎰熺柅鑻椾竴鏍锋寔缁洿鏂颁笉灏辫浜嗭紵
褰撶劧锛岃繖鏄竴绉嶉潪甯哥悊鎯充笖鍊煎緱鎺ㄨ繘鐨勫仛娉曗€斺€旀瘯绔熷湪娴佹劅鐤嫍涓婃垜浠凡缁忓彇寰椾簡涓€绯诲垪缁忛獙锛屾瘡骞寸柅鑻楃爺鍒跺崟浣嶉兘浼氳幏寰楀缓璁殑姣掓牚鍒跺鏇存柊鐨勬祦鎰熺柅鑻梉38]銆?/p>
浣嗘槸锛屾柊鍐犵梾姣掔殑鍙樺紓浠ュ強鍦ㄦ祦琛岃繃绋嬩腑鏇磋凯鐨勯€熷害鏈夊蹇紝鎴栬寰堝皯鏈変汉鑳界湡姝ｆ剰璇嗗埌銆?/p>
鍦?021骞达紝寰峰皵濉旓紙Delta锛屛达級鍙樺紓鏍浘寮曞彂鏋佸ぇ鍦板叧娉ㄢ€斺€斿叾妫樼獊铔嬬櫧锛圫铔嬬櫧锛?鍑虹幇T478K銆?strong>P681R鍜?strong>L452R绐佸彉[40]銆?/p>
鐒惰€屽浜庢柊鍐犵柅鑻楋紝鎴戜滑鏄惁鑳?strong>鈥滆拷涓娾€?/strong>銆?strong>鈥滈娴嬧€?/strong>銆?strong>鈥滄寔缁湁鏁堚€?/strong>锛屾病浜鸿兘璇寸殑鍑嗐€傚綋鐒讹紝涔熷苟闈炴病鏈夌爺鍙戞満鏋勯噰鐢ㄥ彉寮傛牚鐤嫍鈥斺€旂敋鑷冲浠峰彉寮傛牚鐤嫍鈥斺€旂殑鏂瑰紡銆?/p>
褰撳寘鎷珹lpha/Beta銆丏elta/Omicron BA.5銆乄T/Omicron BA.1锛屼互鍙奜micron BA.4/BA.5鐨勫弻浠风柅鑻楃爺绌跺彂琛ㄥ悗锛屾暟鎹樉绀鸿緝鍩轰簬鍘熷姣掓牚鍒跺鐨勬柊鍐犵柅鑻楀叿鏈夋洿濂界殑鍏嶇柅鍙嶅簲[41-44]锛?strong>杩欎篃涓烘帹杩涘彉寮傛牚鐤嫍鐮旂┒鍜屽簲鐢ㄥ甫鏉ヤ簡寰堝ぇ榧撹垶銆?/p>
鐒惰€岋紝鍦ㄦ柊鍐犵梾姣掆€斺€斿挨鍏舵槸濂ュ瘑鍏嬫垘鍙樺紓鏍€斺€旂殑鍚勭鏂板彉寮傛牚鍑虹幇鍚庯紝涓€浜涚湅浼兼縺鍔ㄤ汉蹇冪殑鏁版嵁浼间箮閫愭笎鍙樺緱涓嶅啀婵€鍔ㄤ汉蹇冦€?/p>
鐢变簬浣撴恫鍏嶇柅姘村钩涓婂崌浼樺厛锛屽湪閽堝鍙樺紓鏍殑鍙屼环鐤嫍涓婂競鍚庡氨鏈変笓瀹惰涓哄弻浠穖RNA鐤嫍甯︽潵鐨勮緝鍘熷姣掓牚鐤嫍鐨勪綋娑擦厤鐤彁鍗囦篃涓嶅お鍙兘鍏锋湁涓村簥鎰忎箟[45]锛岃€屼粠鍏嶇柅鍘熸€т笂鏉ョ湅锛屾棤璁哄崟浠枫€佸弻浠枫€佸姞寮哄厤鐤€佹潅鍚堝厤鐤涓€浜汷micron鍙樺紓鏍兘闈炲父鏈夋晥锛屼絾褰揙micron XBB鍒版潵鍚庯紝浣撴恫鍏嶇柅姘村钩鍒欏嚭鐜颁簡鏁板崄鍊嶄笅闄峓46-48]銆?/p>
鏂板啝鐥呮瘨甯︽潵鐨勫啿鍑荤敋鑷宠繙涓嶆鎸戞垬浜嗙柅鑻楃殑鏈夋晥鎬э紝灏辫繛鏇剧粡琚瘎浜堝帤鏈涚殑娌荤枟鎴栭闃叉€у崟鍏嬮殕鎶椾綋鍒跺搧瀵圭梾姣掔殑鎶戝埗娲绘€ч兘鍑虹幇涓ラ噸涓嬮檷[49]銆傛嵁缇庡浗椋熷搧鑽搧鐩戠潱绠＄悊灞€锛團DA锛変俊鎭紝鍞竴鑾峰緱绱ф€ヤ娇鐢ㄦ巿鏉冪殑棰勯槻鎬у崟鍏嬮殕鎶椾綋鐢变簬涓嶈兘鏈夋晥棰勯槻Omicron鏂扮殑鍙樺紓鏍劅鏌擄紝鍥犳琚挙鍥炵揣鎬ヤ娇鐢╗50,51]銆傜劧鑰岋紝浣撴恫鍏嶇柅姘村钩骞朵笉鑳藉弽鏄犵柅鑻楃殑鏈夋晥鎬э紝鍦ㄦ鍓嶇殑鐮旂┒涓彂鐜癟缁嗚優鍏嶇柅鍦ㄥ鏈轰綋鐨勪繚鎶や腑鍏锋湁寰堥噸瑕佺殑鍦颁綅[52,53]锛岄櫎姝や箣澶栵紝鐪熷疄涓栫晫鏁版嵁涔熻〃鏄庯紝鍩轰簬鍙樺紓鏍埗澶囩殑鍙屼环鏂板啝鐤嫍杈冨熀浜庡師濮嬫瘨鏍埗澶囩殑鍗曚环鐤嫍鍦ㄩ潰瀵规柊鐨勫彉寮傛牚鏃跺叿鏈夋洿濂界殑鏈夋晥鎬54,55]銆傛暟鎹樉绀猴紝缇庡浗閲囩敤鍙屼环鏂板啝鐤嫍浣滀负绗?鎴?鍓傛帴绉嶅悗锛岄闃睟A.5/BQ.1/BQ.1.1鎵€鑷翠綇闄繚鎶ゅ姏涓?strong>58.7%锛岄闃?strong>浣忛櫌姝讳骸鎬讳綋淇濇姢鍔涗负61.8%锛涜€屽崟浠风柅鑻椾綔涓虹3鎴?鍓傞闃睟A.5/BQ.1/BQ.1.1鎵€鑷?strong>浣忛櫌淇濇姢鍔涗负25.2%锛岄闃蹭綇闄㈡浜℃€讳綋淇濇姢鍔涗负24.9%銆傝繕璁板緱涔嬪墠璇寸殑鏃╂湡瀵广€屽悇绉嶆劅鏌撱€嶇殑鏈夋晥鎬у悧锛熸槸鐨勶紝95%銆傝€岃繖鏃讹紝鍗充究鏄弻浠峰彉寮傛牚鐤嫍锛屼篃宸茬粡杈句笉鍒拌繖涓暟瀛椾簡銆傝繖涓椂鍊欙紝浼间箮闇€瑕佷竴绉?strong>鏂扮殑銆佸箍璋辩殑銆佹姉浣撴按骞虫洿楂樼殑銆佹寔涔呮€ф洿濂界殑鏂板啝鐤嫍鍑虹幇銆傛伆宸у氨鍦ㄨ繖鏃讹紝涓€绉嶈鑷獟浣撳钩鍙拌€佹澘浜茶嚜鐐硅禐鐨?strong>銆岀撼绫抽绮掔柅鑻椼€?/strong>搴旇繍鑰岀敓銆?/p>
鐮旂┒鑰呬滑閲囩敤鏂板啝鐥呮瘨鐨勪富瑕佹姉鍘熸绐佽泲鐧斤紙S铔嬬櫧锛夌殑鍏ㄩ暱鑳炲鍩燂紙S-Fer锛夋垨C鏈70涓皑鍩洪吀娈嬪熀缂哄け锛圫螖C-Fer锛変笌骞介棬铻烘棆鏉嗚弻閾佽泲鐧界粨鍚堝舰鎴愮殑绾崇背棰楃矑鍒跺鎴愮柅鑻楀彲浠ヨ灏忛紶浜х敓骞胯氨銆侀珮姘村钩鐨勬姉浣撲互鎶靛尽鏂板啝鐥呮瘨锛屽苟涓旀湁鑹ソ鐨勬寔涔呮€57]銆?/p>
鐒惰€岋紝杩欑鐤嫍鏆傛椂浠嶅仠鐣欏湪鍔ㄧ墿璇曢獙闃舵锛屽悓鏃惰繖绉嶇柅鑻椾篃鍙槸鍚?strong>銆屾彁渚涜嚦灏戝鏂板啝鐥呮瘨1骞存湁鏁堜繚鎶ゃ€?/strong>杩堣繘浜嗕竴灏忔鑰屽凡銆?/p>
闈㈠鍚勭鏂板啝鐥呮瘨鍙樺紓鏍紝鎴栬闄や簡姣旀祦鎰熺柅鑻楁洿楂橀鐜囩殑鏇存柊鐤嫍鎴愬垎澶栵紝鎴戜滑浠嶆病鏈夋壘鍒伴暱鏈熺殑瑙ｅ喅鏂规銆?/strong>
闅忕潃鏂板啝鐥呮瘨涓嶆柇鍙樺紓锛岀柅鑻楃殑鍏嶇柅鍘熸€с€佹湁鏁堟€у嚭鐜颁笅闄嶆垨璁歌兘闈犵柅鑻楁洿鏂板簲瀵癸紝浣嗚嚦浠婁粛鎵句笉鍒拌冻澶熷ソ鐨勩€屽箍璋辩柅鑻椼€嶏紝鎴栬鏇村ソ鐨勬柟娉曟槸澧炲姞鎺ョ鏂板啝鐤嫍鐨勬鏁?/strong>锛?/p> 4 鎶楀師鍘熺姜涓庢湁瀹崇殑IgG4 鏈変竴涓ソ娑堟伅鏄細姣忎竴娆℃帴绉嶇柅鑻楁垨鎰熸煋閮借兘鍐嶆鍒烘縺鍏嶇柅鍙嶅簲锛屼粠鑰屾彁楂樺鏂板啝鐥呮瘨鐨勬姷鎶楀姏銆傚洜姝ら潰瀵规柊鍐犵梾姣掞紝缈绘潵瑕嗗幓澶氭墦鍑犳鐤嫍涓嶅氨琛屼簡锛?/p> 浣嗘垨璁革紝浣犱篃鍚杩囦竴涓瘝锛?strong>銆屾姉鍘熷師缃€?/strong>銆?/p> 銆屾姉鍘熷師缃€嶏紙Original Antigenic Sin锛?/strong>涔熺О涔嬩负銆岄湇閲戞柉鐜拌薄銆嶏紙Hoskins effect锛塠58]銆傝繖绉嶇幇璞＄畝鍗曟潵璇村氨鏄湪鍒濇鑾峰緱鍏嶇柅鍚庯紝涔嬪悗鍚岀被浣嗙暐鏈変笉鍚岀殑鐥呭師浣擄紙鎴栫柅鑻楁姉鍘燂級鍐嶆鍏ヤ镜鏈轰綋鍚庢満浣撲細浼樺厛娑堣€楁渶鍒濈殑鍏嶇柅璁板繂鎵€浜х敓鐨勫厤鐤弽搴旓紝鑰屼笉鏄皟鍔ㄦ柊鐨勫厤鐤弽搴旀潵搴斿鐥呭師浣擄紝鏈€缁堝鑷村厤鐤弽搴斾笅闄嶏紝鐢氳嚦鏃犳硶浜х敓瓒冲搴斿鍚岀被鎶楀師鐨勬湁鏁堜繚鎶?/strong>銆?/p> 绠€鍗曠偣灏辨槸锛氭棦寰€鎰熸煋鎴栨墦瀹岀柅鑻椾互鍚庯紝鍐嶉亣鍒板嚭鐜般€屽井灏忔敼鍙樼殑鐥呮瘨銆嶆椂锛?strong>浠ュ墠鐨勮蹇咮缁嗚優浜х敓鐨勬姉浣撴棦涓嶈兘骞叉帀鐥呮瘨 鍦ㄦ柊鍐犳潵琚箣鍓嶏紝鍖呮嫭娴佹劅銆佺櫥闈╃儹銆佸崥鍗＄梾姣掓劅鏌撱€佷汉涔冲ご鐦ょ梾姣掓劅鏌撱€佷汉鍏嶇柅缂洪櫡鐥呮瘨鎰熸煋绛塠60-63]閮藉彂鐜颁簡銆屾姉鍘熷師缃€嶇幇璞★紝寰堜笉骞哥殑鏄紝鏂板啝涔熷嚭鐜颁簡鍚岀被鎯呭喌锛岀敋鑷冲凡缁忓湪鏂板啝鎰熸煋鍜?strong>鏂板啝鐤嫍涓緱浠ユ樉鐜?/strong>銆?/p> 鍦ㄦ柊鍐犵柅鑻楀簲鐢ㄨ繃绋嬩腑锛屽敖绠＄浉鍏崇殑鐮旂┒淇℃伅涓嶅锛屼絾纭疄鍑虹幇鍙兘涓庛€屾姉鍘熷師缃€嶆湁鍏崇殑鍏嶇柅鍙嶅簲鐜拌薄锛屽苟涓斾笉姝㈡槸涓€绉嶆妧鏈钩鍙扮殑鏂板啝鐤嫍鍑虹幇杩嘯64,65] 澶氬墏娆＄柅鑻楁帴绉嶇殑缂虹偣涓嶄粎浣撶幇鍦ㄦ姉浣撴按骞虫柟闈紝杩樹綋鐜板湪鎶椾綋璐ㄩ噺灞傞潰銆?/p> 鏈夌爺绌跺彂鐜帮紝鎺ョ鍔犲己鍓傛鏂板啝鐤嫍鍙互鎻愰珮閽堝鏂板啝鐥呮瘨鐨勬姉浣撹氨骞垮害锛岃繖涔熸湁鍔╀簬甯姪鏈轰綋鎶靛尽鍖呮嫭Omicron鍙樺紓鏍湪鍐呯殑涓嶅悓鏂板啝鐥呮瘨姣掓牚[67]锛屼絾姝ｅ涓婃枃鎵€璇达紝鍗充究鎺ョ3鍓傜敋鑷?鍓傜柅鑻楅兘鏃犳硶璇卞瓒冲鐞嗘兂鐨勫鍙樺紓鏍殑浣撴恫鍏嶇柅鍙嶅簲銆?/strong> 鏇寸碂绯曠殑鏄紝鏈変竴绫昏绉颁箣涓篒gG4鐨勬姉浣撲篃瓒婃潵瓒婂€煎緱鍏虫敞銆?/p> 鎶椾綋鐨勪富瑕佷綔鐢ㄥ湪鍏嶇柅璋冭妭鍜屽鎶楃梾鍘熶綋涓奫68]锛屼絾鍦ㄥ瀹屾垚3鍓傛柊鍐犵柅鑻椾汉缇ょ殑鐮旂┒涓彂鐜帮紝鍦ㄦ暣涓狟缁嗚優搴撲腑锛孖gG4杞寲鐨凚缁嗚優姣斾緥鐨勪腑浣嶆暟浠庣2鍓傚悗鐨?strong>1.3%
涓轰綍瑕佸叧娉ㄥ崰姣旇秺鏉ヨ秺楂樼殑IgG4锛熷洜涓哄畠涓庢姉浣撲粙瀵兼姉浣撲緷璧栨€х粏鑳炲悶鍣綔鐢ㄥ拰琛ヤ綋娌夌Н鐨勮兘鍔涢檷浣庢湁鍏?/strong>锛岀敋鑷冲湪姝ゅ墠宸磋タ鐨勭爺绌朵腑鍙戠幇楂樻按骞崇殑IgG4涓庢劅鏌撴柊鍐犵梾姣掑悗鏇翠弗閲嶇殑鍚庢灉鐩稿叧[70]銆?/p> 鍥犳鏈変汉鎷呭績锛屽弽澶嶆帴绉嶆柊鍐犵柅鑻楀悗浜х敓鐨勯珮姘村钩IgG4浼氭彁楂樺啀娆℃劅鏌撶殑涓ラ噸鍚庢灉銆?/strong> 濂藉湪锛岀幇鍦ㄥ苟娌℃湁鍙戠幇杩囨绫婚棶棰樸€?/strong> 5 棰勯槻鏂板啝锛岃矾鍦ㄤ綍鏂?/strong> 鏂板啝鐥呮瘨鍙互璇存槸鑷劧鐣岀粰鍖诲鐣屽嚭鐨勪竴閬撴瀬绔毦棰樷€斺€?/strong> 蹇€熸墦鑴革細褰撲汉绫诲仛鍑轰簡鐤嫍锛岀梾姣掑彉寮備細璁╃柅鑻楀鎰熸煋鏈夋晥鎬ч檷浣庯紱 铏氬亣绀哄急锛氬嵆渚跨湅浼煎彉寮傚悗鑷寸梾鍔涢檷浣庯紝浣嗕紶鏌撴€х殑鎻愰珮鍗存病鏈夐檷浣庣柧鐥呰礋鎷咃紱 閬撻珮涓€灏洪瓟楂樹竴涓堬細褰撻€氳繃绉戞妧鏇存柊鐤嫍鍚庯紝鐥呮瘨鐨勫彉寮傞€熷害鍗磋鏂扮殑鐤嫍涔熻嚜鎯舰绉斤紱 娼滃湪鍗卞锛氥€屾姉鍘熷師缃€嶃€併€孖gG4銆嶇殑瀛樺湪涔熼殢鏃舵彁閱掔潃浜轰滑涓嶈兘闈犲崟涓€鏂瑰紡瑙ｅ喅闂銆?/p> 鎴栬杩欎簺淇℃伅闈炲父娑堟瀬锛屼細缁欎汉涓€绉嶄汉绫绘棤娉曟姷鎶楁柊鍐犱镜瀹崇殑鎯虫硶锛岀敋鑷宠涓烘柊鍐犵柅鑻楁帴绉嶅凡缁忔病鏈夋剰涔変簡銆?/strong> 
浣嗭紝骞堕潪濡傛銆?/p>
灏界銆?strong>鐞嗚涓婄殑鍧忔秷鎭?/strong>銆嶅緢澶氾紝浣嗐€?strong>鐪熷疄鎯呭喌鐨勫ソ娑堟伅銆嶄笉灏戙€?/p>
涓€鏂归潰鏄紝鎴戜滑浠嶇劧鍙互閫氳繃浼犵粺鐨勬柟娉曪紙闈炶嵂鐗╁共棰勬帾鏂斤級闄嶄綆鎰熸煋鏂板啝鐥呮瘨鐨勯闄╋紝鍖呮嫭瑙勮寖浣╂埓鍙ｇ僵[71,72]銆佹敞鎰忔墜鍗敓[73,74]銆佽繘琛屽鍐呴€氶[75]銆佷繚闅滆惀鍏绘憚鍏76]绛夈€?/p>
鍙︿竴鏂归潰锛屽嵆渚垮瓨鍦ㄦ柊鍐犵梾姣掓姉浣撳鍙樺紓鏍殑涓拰娲绘€ч檷浣庯紝浣?strong>鍦ㄧ湡瀹炰笘鐣屼腑鏃犺浼犵粺杩樻槸鏂扮殑鎶€鏈钩鍙扮爺鍒剁殑鏂板啝鐤嫍閮芥槸鏈夋晥鐨勶紝灏ゅ叾鏄閲嶇棁鍜屾浜＄殑淇濇姢[77-80]銆?/strong>
鍚屾椂锛屽垰鎵嶆彁鍒扮殑寰堝鎵€璋撶柅鑻楃殑銆岃礋闈㈡秷鎭€嶇洰鍓嶄粛鍋滅暀鍦ㄣ€岀悊璁恒€嶄笂锛岃櫧鐒剁悊璁哄凡缁忓嵃璇佷簡涓€浜涚柅鑻楀彲鑳藉瓨鍦ㄧ殑涓嶈冻鐢氳嚦椋庨櫓锛屼絾杩欎簺閮芥病鏈夊緱鍒般€屼簨瀹炪€嶇殑鍗拌瘉銆?/strong>
灏卞儚寰堝浜鸿涓烘姉浣撹揪鍒般€屼繚鎶ゆ按骞炽€嶆墠浼氭湁鏁堜竴鏍凤紝鐞嗚涓婄‘瀹炲姝わ紝浣嗗疄闄呬笂鍏嶇柅鍙嶅簲骞朵笉鏄粎閫氳繃鎶椾綋瀹屾垚鐨?/strong>銆?/p> 鍥犳鏈潵鐤嫍搴旂敤鐨勫彂灞曟柟鍚戝氨闈炲父鏄庣‘浜嗭細鏀硅繘鐤嫍鎶楀師绫诲埆[81]銆佹敼杩涚柅鑻楄璁℃€濊矾銆佹敼鍙樼柅鑻楀厤鐤瓥鐣69]銆佹敼鍙樹俊鎭鐞嗘柟寮忥紙瀵圭柅鑻楄埃瑷€杩涜绠℃帶锛夈€?/p> 
闄や簡鐤嫍澶栵紝鐩墠澶氫釜鐮斿彂鏈烘瀯涔熷湪绉瀬鎺ㄨ繘骞胯氨鍗曞厠闅嗘姉浣揫83-86]鐨勭爺鍙戯紝骞朵笖鏀瑰杽缁欒嵂閫斿緞璁╃浉鍏冲埗鍝佺殑渚濅粠鎬ф洿濂斤紝浠庤€?strong>閫氳繃骞胯氨鎶椾綋瑙ｅ喅鐥呮瘨閫冮€哥獊鍙樺拰鍏嶇柅鍘嬪姏绛涢€夌殑闂銆?/p>
閭ｇ幇鍦ㄨ兘鍋氫粈涔堝憿锛熷氨涓夌偣锛?/p>
娉ㄦ剰闃叉姢锛屾帴绉嶇柅鑻楋紝瑙勮寖娌荤枟銆?/strong>
铏界劧绠€鍗曪紝鍋氬埌鍗村緢闅俱€?/p>
鎰垮ぉ涓嬫棤鐤?/strong>
涓?/strong>
鍏嶈矗澹版槑锛氭湰鏂囦负涓汉鍏磋叮鍒涗綔锛屼粎涓鸿鏇村鏅€氫汉瀵圭柅鑻楁湁鏇村姞娓呮櫚鐨勮璇嗭紝鍐呭瑙傜偣涓嶄唬琛ㄤ换浣曠粍缁囥€佸崟浣嶃€佹満鏋勶紝鏈帴鍙椾换浣曞舰寮忚禐鍔╋紝鎵€鏈夐厤鍥炬簮鑷爺绌惰鏂囨垨宸蹭粯璐硅喘涔颁釜浜轰娇鐢ㄦ潈闄愶紝濡傛灉鍐呭鏈夎锛屽ぇ瀹跺鍋氳嚜鎴戞壒璇勶紙涓嶆槸锛夈€?/p>
鍙傝€冭祫鏂?/strong>
references
[1]聽聽 Williams, Lucy R., et al. "Measuring Vaccine Efficacy Against Infection and Disease in Clinical Trials: Sources and Magnitude of Bias in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccine Efficacy Estimates." Clinical Infectious Diseases 75.1 (2022): e764-e773.
[2]聽聽 Al Kaabi, Nawal, et al. "Effect of 2 inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines on symptomatic COVID-19 infection in adults: a randomized clinical trial." Jama 326.1 (2021): 35-45.
[3]聽聽 Tanriover, Mine Durusu, et al. "Efficacy and safety of an inactivated whole-virion SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac): interim results of a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial in Turkey." The Lancet 398.10296 (2021): 213-222.
[4]聽聽 World Health Organization. "Vaccine efficacy, effectiveness and protection." World Health Organization: Geneva, Switzerland (2021).
[5]聽聽 Halperin, Scott A., et al. "Final efficacy analysis, interim safety analysis, and immunogenicity of a single dose of recombinant novel coronavirus vaccine (adenovirus type 5 vector) in adults 18 years and older: an international, multicentre, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial." The Lancet 399.10321 (2022): 237-248.
[6]聽聽 Dai, Lianpan, et al. "Efficacy and safety of the RBD-dimer鈥揵ased COVID-19 vaccine ZF2001 in adults." New England Journal of Medicine 386.22 (2022): 2097-2111.
[7]聽聽 Tadesse, Birkneh Tilahun, et al. "Impact of vaccination with SCB-2019 COVID-19 vaccine on transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection: a household contact study in the Philippines." medRxiv (2022): 2022-08.
[8]聽聽 Wang, Xuan-Yi et al. 鈥淓fficacy of heterologous boosting against SARS-CoV-2 using a recombinant interferon-armed fusion protein vaccine (V-01): a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled phase III trial.鈥?Emerging microbes & infections vol. 11,1 (2022): 1910-1919. doi:10.1080/22221751.2022.2088406
[9]聽聽 Sadoff, Jerald et al. 鈥淪afety and Efficacy of Single-Dose Ad26.COV2.S Vaccine against Covid-19.鈥?The New England journal of medicine vol. 384,23 (2021): 2187-2201. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2101544
[10] Emary, Katherine R W et al. 鈥淓fficacy of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern 202012/01 (B.1.1.7): an exploratory analysis of a randomised controlled trial.鈥?Lancet (London, England) vol. 397,10282 (2021): 1351-1362. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00628-0
[11] Harder, Thomas et al. 鈥淓fficacy and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection: interim results of a living systematic review, 1 January to 14 May 2021.鈥?Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin vol. 26,28 (2021): 2100563. doi:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.28.2100563
[12] Tande, Aaron J et al. 鈥渕RNA vaccine effectiveness against asymptomatic severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection over seven months.鈥?Infection control and hospital epidemiology vol. 43,3 (2022): 393-395. doi:10.1017/ice.2021.399
[13] Results of COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness Studies: An Ongoing Systematic Review. Updated December 22, 2022. https://view-hub.org/sites/default/files/2022-12/COVID19%20VE%20Studies_Forest%20Plots_Omicron_0.pdf
[14] Klaassen, Fayette et al. 鈥淐hanges in population immunity against infection and severe disease from SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants in the United States between December 2021 and November 2022.鈥?medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences 2022.11.19.22282525. 23 Nov. 2022, doi:10.1101/2022.11.19.22282525. Preprint.
[15] Liang, Lijun et al. 鈥淟ow infectious risk of re-positive COVID-19 patients: a single-center study.鈥?International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases vol. 111 (2021): 5-9.
[16] Han, Zhiyong et al. 鈥淒ischarged COVID-19 patients testing positive again for SARS-CoV-2 RNA: A minireview of published studies from China.鈥?Journal of medical virology vol. 93,1 (2021): 262-274. doi:10.1002/jmv.26250
[17] 鏇鹃噾褰? et al."COVID-19鍑洪櫌鎮ｈ€呪€滃闃斥€濇儏鍐靛強鍘熷洜鍒嗘瀽." 鍗庡崡棰勯槻鍖诲 46.05(2020):514-518.
[18] Tillett, Richard L et al. 鈥淕enomic evidence for reinfection with SARS-CoV-2: a case study.鈥?The Lancet. Infectious diseases vol. 21,1 (2021): 52-58. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30764-7
[19] Iwasaki, Akiko. 鈥淲hat reinfections mean for COVID-19.鈥?The Lancet. Infectious diseases vol. 21,1 (2021): 3-5. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30783-0
[20] Ren, Xiangying et al. 鈥淩einfection in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review.鈥?Global health research and policy vol. 7,1 12. 29 Apr. 2022, doi:10.1186/s41256-022-00245-3
[21] Dhillon, Rubaid Azhar et al. 鈥淭he mystery of COVID-19 reinfections: A global systematic review and meta-analysis.鈥?Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) vol. 72 (2021): 103130. doi:10.1016/j.amsu.2021.103130
[22] Le Page, Michael. 鈥淭he risks from covid-19 reinfection.鈥?New scientist聽 vol. 255,3394 (2022): 21. doi:10.1016/S0262-4079(22)01208-8
[23] Nguyen, Nhu Ngoc et al. 鈥淪ARS-CoV-2 reinfection and COVID-19 severity.鈥?Emerging microbes & infections vol. 11,1 (2022): 894-901. doi:10.1080/22221751.2022.2052358
[24] Sheehan, Megan M et al. 鈥淩einfection Rates Among Patients Who Previously Tested Positive for Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Retrospective Cohort Study.鈥?Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America vol. 73,10 (2021): 1882-1886. doi:10.1093/cid/ciab234
[25] Rahman, Sezanur et al. 鈥淐OVID-19 reinfections among naturally infected and vaccinated inpiduals.鈥?Scientific reports vol. 12,1 1438. 26 Jan. 2022, doi:10.1038/s41598-022-05325-5
[26] Mensah, Anna A et al. 鈥淒isease severity during SARS-COV-2 reinfection: a nationwide study.鈥?The Journal of infection vol. 84,4 (2022): 542-550. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2022.01.012
[27] Medi膰, Sne啪ana et al. 鈥淩isk and severity of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections during 2020-2022 in Vojvodina, Serbia: A population-level observational study.鈥?The Lancet regional health. Europe vol. 20 (2022): 100453. doi:10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100453
[28] Bowe, Benjamin et al. 鈥淎cute and postacute sequelae associated with SARS-CoV-2 reinfection.鈥?Nature medicine vol. 28,11 (2022): 2398-2405. doi:10.1038/s41591-022-02051-3
[29] Rahman, Sezanur et al. 鈥淐OVID-19 reinfections among naturally infected and vaccinated inpiduals.鈥?Scientific reports vol. 12,1 1438. 26 Jan. 2022, doi:10.1038/s41598-022-05325-5
[30] Mensah, Anna A et al. 鈥淒isease severity during SARS-COV-2 reinfection: a nationwide study.鈥?The Journal of infection vol. 84,4 (2022): 542-550. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2022.01.012
[31] Medi膰, Sne啪ana et al. 鈥淩isk and severity of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections during 2020-2022 in Vojvodina, Serbia: A population-level observational study.鈥?The Lancet regional health. Europe vol. 20 (2022): 100453. doi:10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100453
[32] Klaassen, Fayette et al. 鈥淐hanges in population immunity against infection and severe disease from SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants in the United States between December 2021 and November 2022.鈥?medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences 2022.11.19.22282525. 23 Nov. 2022, doi:10.1101/2022.11.19.22282525. Preprint.
[33] Andreano, Emanuele et al. 鈥淗ybrid immunity improves B cells and antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants.鈥?Nature vol. 600,7889 (2021): 530-535. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-04117-7
[34] Goldberg, Yair et al. 鈥淧rotection and Waning of Natural and Hybrid Immunity to SARS-CoV-2.鈥?The New England journal of medicine vol. 386,23 (2022): 2201-2212. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2118946
[35] Zar, Heather J et al. 鈥淣atural and hybrid immunity following four COVID-19 waves: A prospective cohort study of mothers in South Africa.鈥?EClinicalMedicine vol. 53 101655. 17 Sep. 2022, doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101655
[36] The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 鈥淲hy hybrid immunity is so triggering.鈥?The Lancet. Infectious diseases vol. 22,12 (2022): 1649. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00746-0
[37] Suryawanshi, Rahul, and Melanie Ott. 鈥淪ARS-CoV-2 hybrid immunity: silver bullet or silver lining?.鈥?Nature reviews. Immunology vol. 22,10 (2022): 591-592. doi:10.1038/s41577-022-00771-8
[38] Pmondiale de la Sant茅, Organisation, and World Health Organization. "Vaccines against influenza: WHO position paper鈥揗ay 2022鈥揤accins antigrippaux: note de synth猫se de l鈥橭MS鈥搈ai 2022." Weekly Epidemiological Record= Relev茅 茅pid茅miologique hebdomadaire 97.19 (2022): 185-208.
[39] 鈥淐ovid-19 Variant Data.鈥?Department of Health, https://coronavirus.health.ny.gov/covid-19-variant-data.
[40] Starr, Tyler N et al. 鈥淐omplete map of SARS-CoV-2 RBD mutations that escape the monoclonal antibody LY-CoV555 and its cocktail with LY-CoV016.鈥?Cell reports. Medicine vol. 2,4 (2021): 100255. doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100255
[41] Li, Jianglong et al. 鈥淒evelopment of Bivalent mRNA Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 Variants.鈥?Vaccines vol. 10,11 1807. 26 Oct. 2022, doi:10.3390/vaccines10111807
[42] Hannawi, Suad, et al. "Safety and immunogenicity of a bivalent SARS-CoV-2 protein booster vaccine, SCTV01C, in adults previously vaccinated with mRNA vaccine: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1/2 clinical trial." Ebiomedicine 87 (2023): 104386.
[43] Chalkias, Spyros et al. 鈥淎 Bivalent Omicron-Containing Booster Vaccine against Covid-19.鈥?The New England journal of medicine vol. 387,14 (2022): 1279-1291. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2208343
[44] Chalkias, Spyros et al. 鈥淎 Bivalent Omicron-Containing Booster Vaccine against Covid-19.鈥?The New England journal of medicine vol. 387,14 (2022): 1279-1291. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2208343
[45] Paul A. Offit. "Bivalent Covid-19 Vaccines 鈥?A Cautionary Tale." New England Journal of Medicine (2022).DOI: 10.1056/NEJMp2215780
[46] Davis-Gardner, Meredith E., et al. "Neutralization against BA. 2.75. 2, BQ. 1.1, and XBB from mRNA Bivalent Booster." New England Journal of Medicine (2022).
[47] Arora, Prerna, et al. "Neutralisation sensitivity of the SARS-CoV-2 XBB. 1 lineage." The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2023).
[48] Muik, Alexander, et al. "Progressive loss of conserved spike protein neutralizing antibody sites in Omicron sublineages is balanced by preserved T-cell recognition epitopes." bioRxiv (2022).
[49] Cao, Yunlong, et al. "Imprinted SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity induces converging Omicron RBD evolution." bioRxiv (2022).
[50] Focosi, Daniele, and Arturo Casadevall. 鈥淎 Critical Analysis of the Use of Cilgavimab plus Tixagevimab Monoclonal Antibody Cocktail (Evusheld) for COVID-19 Prophylaxis and Treatment.鈥?Viruses vol. 14,9 1999. 9 Sep. 2022, doi:10.3390/v14091999
[51] Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. 鈥淟atest FDA Updates for Evusheld.鈥?U.S. Food and Drug Administration, FDA, https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/fda-announces-evusheld-not-currently-authorized-emergency-use-us.
[52] Muik, Alexander, et al. "Progressive loss of conserved spike protein neutralizing antibody sites in Omicron sublineages is balanced by preserved T-cell recognition epitopes." bioRxiv (2022).
[53] Lim, Joey Ming Er, et al. "A comparative characterization of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells induced by mRNA or inactive virus COVID-19 vaccines." Cell Reports Medicine 3.11 (2022): 100793.
[54] Lin, Dan-Yu, et al. "Effectiveness of bivalent boosters against severe omicron infection." New England Journal of Medicine (2023).
[55] Link-Gelles, Ruth. "Early Estimates of Bivalent mRNA Booster Dose Vaccine Effectiveness in Preventing Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection Attributable to Omicron BA. 5鈥揳nd XBB/XBB. 1.5鈥揜elated Sublineages Among Immunocompetent Adults鈥擨ncreasing Community Access to Testing Program, United States, December 2022鈥揓anuary 2023." MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 72 (2023).
[56] Powell, Abigail E et al. 鈥淎 Single Immunization with Spike-Functionalized Ferritin Vaccines Elicits Neutralizing Antibody Responses against SARS-CoV-2 in Mice.鈥?ACS central science vol. 7,1 (2021): 183-199. doi:10.1021/acscentsci.0c01405
[57] Weidenbacher, Payton A-B., et al. "A ferritin-based COVID-19 nanoparticle vaccine that elicits robust, durable, broad-spectrum neutralizing antisera in non-human primates." bioRxiv (2022).
[58] Francis, Thomas. "On the doctrine of original antigenic sin." Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 104.6 (1960): 572-578.
[59] Lambert, Paul-Henri, Margaret Liu, and Claire-Anne Siegrist. "Can successful vaccines teach us how to induce efficient protective immune responses?." Nature medicine 11.Suppl 4 (2005): S54-S62.
[60] Focosi, Daniele, et al. "Previous humoral immunity to the endemic seasonal alphacoronaviruses NL63 and 229E is associated with worse clinical outcome in COVID-19 and suggests original antigenic sin." Life 11.4 (2021): 298.
[61] Singh, Rana AK, John R. Rodgers, and Michael A. Barry. "The role of T cell antagonism and original antigenic sin in genetic immunization." The Journal of Immunology 169.12 (2002): 6779-6786.
[62] Li, Xuemeng et al. 鈥淥riginal antigenic sin with human bocaviruses 1-4.鈥?The Journal of general virology vol. 96,10 (2015): 3099-3108. doi:10.1099/jgv.0.000253
[63] Chakradhar, Shraddha. 鈥淯pdated, augmented vaccines compete with original antigenic sin.鈥?Nature medicine vol. 21,6 (2015): 540-1. doi:10.1038/nm0615-540
[64] Samanovic, Marie I et al. 鈥淩obust immune responses are observed after one dose of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine dose in SARS-CoV-2-experienced inpiduals.鈥?Science translational medicine vol. 14,631 (2022): eabi8961. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.abi8961
[65] Gao, Bo et al. 鈥淩epeated vaccination of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine dampens neutralizing antibodies against Omicron variants in breakthrough infection.鈥?Cell research, 1鈥?. 25 Jan. 2023, doi:10.1038/s41422-023-00781-8
[66] Wang, Ji, et al. "A fourth dose of the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine redistributes humoral immunity to the N-terminal domain." Nature Communications 13.1 (2022): 6866.
[67] Wang, Kang, et al. "Memory B cell repertoire from triple vaccinees against perse SARS-CoV-2 variants." Nature 603.7903 (2022): 919-925.
[68] Aziz M, Iheanacho F, Hashmi MF. Physiology, Antibody. [Updated 2022 May 8]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK546670/
[69] Irrgang, Pascal et al. 鈥淐lass switch toward noninflammatory, spike-specific IgG4 antibodies after repeated SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination.鈥?Science immunology vol. 8,79 (2023): eade2798. doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.ade2798
[70] Moura, Andrew D et al. 鈥淎ssessment of avidity related to IgG subclasses in SARS-CoV-2 Brazilian infected patients.鈥?Scientific reports vol. 11,1 17642. 3 Sep. 2021, doi:10.1038/s41598-021-95045-z
[71] Andrejko, Kristin L et al. 鈥淓ffectiveness of Face Mask or Respirator Use in Indoor Public Settings for Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 Infection - California, February-December 2021.鈥?MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report vol. 71,6 212-216. 11 Feb. 2022, doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7106e1
[72] Mello, Vinicius M et al. 鈥淓ffectiveness of face masks in blocking the transmission of SARS-CoV-2: A preliminary evaluation of masks used by SARS-CoV-2-infected inpiduals.鈥?PloS one vol. 17,2 e0264389. 23 Feb. 2022, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0264389
[73] Natnael, Tarikuwa et al. 鈥淗and hygiene practices during the COVID-19 pandemic and associated factors among barbers and beauty salon workers in Ethiopia.鈥?PloS one vol. 17,7 e0269225. 1 Jul. 2022, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0269225
[74] AlGhobaishi, Abdullah et al. 鈥淭he impact of COVID-19 pandemic on hand hygiene adherence among pediatric physicians, in Saudi Arabia.鈥?Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) vol. 82 (2022): 104518. doi:10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104518
[75] Chen, Chung-Yen et al. 鈥淩ecommendations for ventilation of indoor spaces to reduce COVID-19 transmission.鈥?Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan yi zhi vol. 120,12 (2021): 2055-2060. doi:10.1016/j.jfma.2021.08.007
[76] Antwi, Janet et al. 鈥淭he Nutrition-COVID-19 Interplay: a Review.鈥?Current nutrition reports vol. 10,4 (2021): 364-374. doi:10.1007/s13668-021-00380-2
[77] Zheng, Caifang et al. 鈥淩eal-world effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines: a literature review and meta-analysis.鈥?International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases vol. 114 (2022): 252-260. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2021.11.009
[78] Solante, Rontgene et al. 鈥淓xpert review of global real-world data on COVID-19 vaccine booster effectiveness and safety during the omicron-dominant phase of the pandemic.鈥?Expert review of vaccines vol. 22,1 (2023): 1-16. doi:10.1080/14760584.2023.2143347
[79] Zou, Yuntao et al. 鈥淭he Vaccine Efficacy Against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis.鈥?Frontiers in public health vol. 10 940956. 13 Jul. 2022, doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.940956
[80] Nittayasoot, Natthaprang et al. 鈥淩eal-World Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines against Severe Outcomes during the Period of Omicron Predominance in Thailand: A Test-Negative Nationwide Case-Control Study.鈥?Vaccines vol. 10,12 2123. 12 Dec. 2022, doi:10.3390/vaccines10122123
[81] Petr谩拧, Marek, and Ivana Kr谩lov谩 Lesn谩. 鈥淪ARS-CoV-2 vaccination in the context of original antigenic sin.鈥?Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics vol. 18,1 (2022): 1949953. doi:10.1080/21645515.2021.1949953
[82] Lu, Jia, et al. "Nasal delivery of broadly neutralizing antibodies protects mice from lethal challenge with SARS-CoV-2 delta and omicron variants." Virologica Sinica 37.2 (2022): 238-247.
[83] Cao, Yunlong, et al. "Rational identification of potent and broad sarbecovirus-neutralizing antibody cocktails from SARS convalescents." Cell reports 41.12 (2022): 111845.
[84] Qu, Yuanyuan, et al. "Antibody Cocktail Exhibits Broad Neutralization Activity Against SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-2 Variants." Virologica Sinica 36.5 (2021): 934-947.
[85] Zhang, Xinghai, et al. "A potent neutralizing antibody provides protection against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and Delta variants via nasal delivery." Signal transduction and targeted therapy 7.1 (2022): 1-8.
[86] Seo, Ji-Min, et al. "Preclinical assessment and randomized Phase I study of CT-P63, a broadly neutralizing antibody targeting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)." Emerging Microbes & Infections 11.1 (2022): 2315-2325.
